ECB foreign exchange reserves fell by €100 million to €344.4 billion.

ECB Governing Council member Nagel said an energy shock still persists in the system.

A-share indices rallied with intraday volatility. Shanghai Composite closed +0.50%, Shenzhen Composite Index +2.48%, ChiNext Index +2.99%; turnover in Shanghai and Shenzhen exceeded 3.2 trillion yuan and more than 2,900 stocks advanced. Sector rotation was rapid: optical/optoelectronics led gains all day and several stocks hit daily limits. The chip chain strengthened in the afternoon, led by optical chips and analog chips; robotics also picked up. Top-performing sectors included semiconductors, glass substrates, commercial aerospace and internet; laggards were petrochemicals, chemical fiber, construction machinery and coal.