Japan's finance minister Katayama said he would not comment on specific foreign-exchange levels and would respond appropriately to currency moves at any time if necessary.

Shipping data show Middle Eastern producers continued oil and LNG loadings despite recent ship attacks in the Strait of Hormuz and renewed US‑Iran clashes. A Thursday container-ship attack and a Saturday tanker incident prompted retaliatory strikes and briefly slowed regional energy shipping, though a US official said on Sunday both sides agreed to halt recent hostilities and restart talks to reopen the waterway. LSEG data show a fourth VLCC loaded at Saudi Ras Tanura on Monday; three VLCCs that loaded over the weekend switched off AIS transponders to reduce attack risk, one of which reappeared Monday leaving the Strait bound for Japan. Two additional VLCCs entered the Strait on Sunday and berthed at UAE terminals to load crude.

智囊機構OMFIF：調查顯示，央行計劃增加歐元持有量，但由於對回報降低的擔憂，60%的受訪央行未投資於歐元。