Saudi outlets Hadath and Al Arabiya report the US, Iran and Pakistan have begun bilateral and trilateral contacts. Iran says the first formal round of talks in Switzerland will take place at 11:30 GMT (19:30 Beijing time).

巴基斯坦外交部：瑞士會談是各方諒解備忘錄電子簽署以來的首次正式參與和接觸。

Baghaei, Iran’s foreign ministry spokesman traveling with the Iranian negotiating delegation to Switzerland, said on his personal social media on the 21st that Iran will rigorously follow up on US fulfilment of its commitments. The Switzerland meeting aimed to track implementation of clauses in the Iran–US memorandum of understanding; under Article 13, launching final-agreement talks depends on execution of Articles 1, 4, 5, 10 and 11. Article 1 — ending wars on all fronts, including Lebanon — must be implemented before final negotiations can begin. Talks focused on implementing those clauses, especially Article 1, and reviewed measures to execute Article 10 (Iran oil exports) and Article 11 (unfreezing frozen Iranian assets).