Polish central bank governor says the central bank holds PLN 127.5 bln of unrealized gains on gold.

China A-shares closed lower: Shanghai Composite -1.00%, Shenzhen Component -2.29%, ChiNext -4.37%, STAR 50 -5.53%. Turnover rose to 3.39 tln yuan, up 474.8 bln yuan vs the prior session. Innovative-drug names led gains, with Changshan Pharmaceutical, Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical, Joinn Laboratories and Shuanglu Pharmaceutical hitting the 20% daily limit. AI-application names were active; Skyworth Digital and Huanrui Century hit limit-up. The commercial space sector rallied after afternoon news, with Hangtian Huanyu, China Satellite and Zhongtian Rocket among multiple limit-ups. Top sector winners included liquor, wind-power equipment and passenger cars; laggards included electronic chemicals, semiconductors, energy metals, components, securities, rare earths, batteries, advanced packaging and glass substrate plays. More than 3,700 stocks advanced across the market.

Belgium's prime minister said the country's defense spending rise is the largest in NATO and has reached the 2% target.