ECB Governing Council member Nagel said the council does not yet know what it will do at its July meeting.

Military force is unlikely to restore regular shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, leaving the US and Iran at risk of a prolonged 'neither peace nor war' state. A ceasefire memorandum after US strikes on Feb. 28 used ambiguous wording that allows both sides to continue pursuing objectives by other means. Washington tried to increase tanker transits via the Omani-side channel, including switching off ship transponders, but the IRGC successfully struck several of those tankers, suggesting traffic is unlikely to return to pre-conflict levels without further agreement. The Pentagon reportedly presented military options to break the stalemate, but they were rejected by President Trump; months of strikes have so far failed to produce decisive results, raising the prospect of extended instability in the strait.

Pakistan's foreign ministry urged all parties to exercise restraint and avoid actions that could further undermine regional peace and stability.