U.S. Supreme Court expands the president's power to remove senior officials, overturning a 1935 precedent that had preserved limited independence for federal independent agencies.

The State Council released the 15th Five-Year Plan for Education Development, saying it will add several 'Double First Class' universities and disciplines targeted at strategic priority areas, systematically bolster basic-discipline capacity and prioritise support for emerging interdisciplinary fields that drive new-quality productivity. The plan directs strengthened disciplinary support to build an independent Chinese philosophy and social‑science knowledge system, improved incubation mechanisms for top disciplines, high-quality national talent centres for mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and the humanities, and a group of globally influential doctoral education bases. It calls for deeper 'Double First Class' governance and evaluation reform and exploration of differentiated support and assessment methods matched to construction goals.

Energy prices have eased since a US‑Iran peace agreement, but Spain’s inflation remains well above the ECB’s 2% target. June harmonized CPI (HICP) rose 3.6% YoY, unchanged from May. Electricity and gas costs were the main upward contributors; gasoline prices partially offset the rise. This is the first major inflation print after the ECB’s recent rate increases; other major-economy inflation data are due Tuesday and euro‑area HICP on Wednesday. Markets had been expecting a slowdown and have pared back ECB rate‑hike bets.